Income and Earnings Report for Southern Arizona Cities, Towns, and Census-Designated Places

In 2023, income and earnings varied significantly across cities, towns, and census-designated places located in Southern Arizona. Hereafter, when discussing multiple cities, towns, or census designated places (CDP) the general term communities will be used. This article explores 41 of the largest communities within Cochise, Pima, Pinal, Greenlee, Graham, Santa Cruz, and Yuma counties. Due to the importance of mining in Greenlee County, we also include three nearby communities in New Mexico.

Median household income is often viewed as one way to gauge the economic well-being of a region. Household income provides information to local officials, businesses, and policymakers about the financial resources available to households and is closely linked to employment levels, educational attainment, and regional economic opportunities. Higher household incomes are commonly associated with a greater means of acquiring goods and services.

Residents in the Corona de Tucson and Vail CDP’s both had median incomes above $120,000, the highest among the 41 Southern Arizona communities. Those residing in South Tucson posted a median household income of $33,734, the lowest among communities in Southern Arizona. Of the 41 Southern Arizona communities examined, only 12 had median household incomes higher than the U.S. of $78,538 and 13 higher than the Arizona levels of $76,872. Figures 1a and 1b explore median household income for the Southern Arizona communities ranked highest to lowest.

Figure 1a: Median Household Income for Top Ranking Southern Arizona Communities (2023)

Figure 1b: Median Household Income for Bottom Ranking Southern Arizona Communities (2023)

According to the income distribution across brackets, in Arizona, 4.9% of households earned less than $10,000 in 2023. The city of South Tucson with 17.0% had the highest proportions of residents in the lowest income bracket. On the other end of the income spectrum, 12.6% of households in the U.S. earned a median income of $200,000 or more. The rate was slightly lower for the state of Arizona at 10.6%. The Catalina Foothills CDP reported a notably high share at 28.9%, which is 16.3 percentage points above the national average. The Tanque Verde and Vail CDPs, along with the towns of Oro Valley, Marana, and Sahuarita, also recorded shares exceeding the national average, at 27.6%, 16.9%, 16.0%, 13.2%, and 12.7%, respectively. Figure 2, below highlights the income distribution for each of the 41 communities explored in Southern Arizona.

Figure 2: Income Distribution for Households (2023)

During 2023, 77.6% of U.S. households reported earnings from work. The U.S. rate was 2.6 percentage points higher than the state of Arizona at 75.0%. The town of Clifton recorded the highest rate at 92.0%, leading nine Southern Arizona communities that surpassed the national average. The Green Valley CDP reported the lowest rate of households earning income at 24.7%. Keep in mind that Green Valley is considered a retirement community, therefore, reducing earnings for households. Earnings include the sum of wages or salary income and net income from self-employment. Earnings represent the amount of income received regularly before deductions. Please note that earnings and income are separate concepts with income including earnings as well as interest, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, income from estates and trusts, social security, and transfer receipts (supplemental security income, public assistance such as welfare and disability, unemployment compensation, child support, and alimony). Figure 3 illustrates the percentage of households with reported earnings for the Southern Arizona communities.

Figure 3: Percent of Households with Earnings (2023)

In the state of Arizona, 33.9% of households received social security, a slightly higher rate than the nation at 31.2%. Of the 41 Southern Arizona communities explored in this article, 33 had social security rates higher than the U.S. Among these communities were the cities of Bisbee (58.7%) and Benson (51.8%), as well as the town of Florence (54.1%). Green Valley CDP reported the highest rate of social security payments at 83.7%, this is not surprising given the large number of retirees in the area. The town of Clifton reported the lowest rates of social security payments at 15.4%. Mining is very important in that town, with mining and mineral processing employing up to two-thirds of the workforce (Arizona Commerce Authority, Community Profile). As the 2023 Southern Arizona Communities Snapshot explores, Morenci and Clifton also have populations with a low median age relative to many of the other Southern Arizona communities, the state, and the U.S.

Figure 4: Percent of Households Receiving Social Security (2023)

Retirement income in Southern Arizona follows a pattern similar to social security, as we would expect. The U.S. percentage of residents receiving retirement income was 24.2% in 2023. Within Southern Arizona, 27 of the 41 communities reported a higher rate of retirement income than the U.S. Retirement income generally flows to older residents. Several of the communities explored in Southern Arizona report a substantially higher median age than the U.S. with Green Valley CDP leading the way at 68.1. Further, the city of Bisbee, and the Ajo, Catalina, Catalina Foothills, and Tanque Verde CDPs all reported a median age over 55. In 2023, 68.1% of households in the Green Valley CDP received retirement income, indicating that more than two-thirds relied on this source. In contrast, places like the cities of San Luis and Somerton, with younger median ages, reported lower percentages of households receiving retirement income. (see Figure 5).

Figure 5: Percent of Households Receiving Retirement Income (2023)

Just over five percent of households in the U.S. received supplemental security income during 2023. This was slightly higher than the state of Arizona’s rate of 4.1%. While many of the communities in Southern Arizona had supplemental security income rates near the U.S. and state rate, notable exceptions include the town of Duncan (17.0%), and the cities of Benson and Douglas, with 14.9% and 12.1%, respectively. The Catalina Foothills CDP reported the lowest rates of supplemental security income received (1.8%). Supplemental Security Income is a federal income supplement program designed to help aged, blind, and disabled people (Social Security Administration). Figure 6 highlights the percentage of supplemental security income received by households for each of the Southern Arizona communities.

Figure 6: Percent of Households Receiving Supplemental Security Income (2023)  

In 2023, 11.8% of U.S. households and 10.1% of households in Arizona received help through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SNAP offers nutritional assistance to eligible, low-income individuals and families (United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service). In Southern Arizona, there was wide variation in the percentage of households that received SNAP benefits. The Tanque Verde CDP had the lowest percentage of households receiving SNAP assistance at 1.8%, while 45.9% of households in the city of South Tucson received such assistance. Overall, 26 of the 41 Southern Arizona communities reported a higher percentage of SNAP assistance for households than the U.S. rate (See Figure 7).

Figure 7: Percent of Households Receiving SNAP Assistance (2023)

To learn more about median household income at the metropolitan or state level visit the MAP Dashboard core indicator Median Household Income. Additional information about the Southern Arizona places, including median age, can be found in the recent Southern Arizona Communities Snapshot.